Multi-scale feature extraction and classification of motor imagery electroencephalography based on time series data enhancement / 生物医学工程学杂志

The brain-computer interface (BCI) based on motor imagery electroencephalography (MI-EEG) enables direct information interaction between the human brain and external devices. In this paper, a multi-scale EEG feature extraction convolutional neural network model based on time series data enhancement is proposed for decoding MI-EEG signals. First, an EEG signals augmentation method was proposed that could increase the information content of training samples without changing the length of the time series, while retaining its original features completely. Then, multiple holistic and detailed features of the EEG data were adaptively extracted by multi-scale convolution module, and the features were fused and filtered by parallel residual module and channel attention. Finally, classification results were output by a fully connected network. The application experimental results on the BCI Competition IV 2a and 2b datasets showed that the proposed model achieved an average classification accuracy of 91.87% and 87.85% for the motor imagery task, respectively, which had high accuracy and strong robustness compared with existing baseline models. The proposed model does not require complex signals pre-processing operations and has the advantage of multi-scale feature extraction, which has high practical application value.

Factors affecting Babinski sign in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis / 西安交通大学学报(医学版)

【Objective】 To explore the factors affecting Babinski sign in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). 【Methods】 We enrolled 262 patients diagnosed with ALS with adequate data in Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University from 2015 to 2020. The relationship between the clinical characteristics of patients with positive and negative Babinski sign was analyzed for both sides, respectively. Furthermore, for patients with left or right lower limb weakness complaint, the relationship between Babinski sign and the lower limb involvement characteristics was analyzed. 【Results】 Positive Babinski sign was positively correlated with higher diagnostic category (left correlation coefficient 0.297, P<0.001; right correlation coefficient 0.292, P<0.001). Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Functional Rating Scale-Revised (ALSFRS-R) score was lower in patients with positive Babinski sign (left P=0.001, right P=0.001); the proportion of complaints of ipsilateral lower limb weakness was higher (left P=0.008, right P=0.038); the positive rate of ipsilateral upper limb Hoffmann sign was higher (left P=0.004, right P=0.002). In patients with complaints of lower limb weakness, positive Babinski sign was positively correlated with better foot dorsiflexor muscle strength (left correlation coefficient 0.207, P=0.021; right correlation coefficient 0.264, P=0.003), and the proportion of ipsilateral tibialis anterior atrophy was lower in positive Babinski sign group (left P<0.001, right P=0.008); the ratio of ipsilateral common peroneal nerve compound muscle action potential (CMAP)/tibial nerve CMAP was different in positive Babinski sign and negative groups (left P=0.008, right P=0.015), which were positively correlated (left correlation coefficient 0.246, P=0.007; right correlation coefficient 0.223, P=0.015). 【Conclusion】 Patients with positive Babinski sign usually have a higher diagnostic category and more extensive clinical involvement. In ALS patients with complaints of lower limb weakness, Babinski sign is more likely to be elicited when the degree of weakness and atrophy of the anterior calf muscles is relatively low.

Predictive value of anthropometric indicators for cardiovascular risk in metabolic syndrome / 中华内分泌代谢杂志

Objective:To evaluate the predictive value of anthropometric indicators in predicting cardiovascular risk in the population with metabolic syndrome(MS).Methods:A cross-sectional study was used to analyze the correlation between anthropometric measures and cardiovascular risk in subjects with MS. Cardiometabolic risk was assessed with cardiometabolic risk index(CMRI). Receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curve analysis was used to assess the predictive power of anthropometric measures for cardiometabolic risk.Results:(1) The anthropometric measures [body mass index(BMI), waist-hip ratio(WHR), waist-to-height ratio(WtHR), body fat percentage(BFP), visceral fat index(VFI), conicity index(CI), a body shape index(ABSI), body roundness index(BRI), abdominal volume index(AVI)] in the MS group were significantly higher than those in the non-MS group( P<0.05). Moreover, there were significant differences in CMRI score and vascular risk between the two groups( P<0.05). (2) Logistic regression analysis showed that the cardiovascular risk was increased with the increases of BMI, VFI, WHR, WtHR, CI, BRI, and AVI after adjusting for confounding factors in the overall population, the non-MS population, and the MS population( P<0.05). (3) In the ROC analysis, the AUC values of BMI, VFI, and AVI were 0.767, 0.734, and 0.770 in the overall population; 0.844, 0.816, and 0.795 in the non-MS population; 0.701, 0.666, and 0.702 in the MS population, respectively. For the overall population and non-MS population, the optimal cut points of BMI to diagnose high cardiovascular risk were 26.04 kg/m 2 and 24.36 kg/m 2; the optimal cut points of VFI were 10.25 and 9.75; the optimal cut points of AVI were 17.3 cm 2 and 15.53 cm 2, respectively. In the MS population, the optimal cut point as a predictor of high cardiovascular risk in young and middle-aged men with MS was 27.63 kg/m 2, and the optimal cut point of AVI in women was 18.08 cm 2. Conclusion:BMI, VFI, and AVI can be used as predictors of cardiovascular risk in the general population. BMI can be used as a predicator of high cardiovascular risk in young and middle-age men with MS. AVI can be used as a predicator of high cardiovascular risk in women with MS.

Motor imagery electroencephalogram classification based on sparse spatiotemporal decomposition and channel attention / 生物医学工程学杂志

Motor imagery electroencephalogram (EEG) signals are non-stationary time series with a low signal-to-noise ratio. Therefore, the single-channel EEG analysis method is difficult to effectively describe the interaction characteristics between multi-channel signals. This paper proposed a deep learning network model based on the multi-channel attention mechanism. First, we performed time-frequency sparse decomposition on the pre-processed data, which enhanced the difference of time-frequency characteristics of EEG signals. Then we used the attention module to map the data in time and space so that the model could make full use of the data characteristics of different channels of EEG signals. Finally, the improved time-convolution network (TCN) was used for feature fusion and classification. The BCI competition IV-2a data set was used to verify the proposed algorithm. The experimental results showed that the proposed algorithm could effectively improve the classification accuracy of motor imagination EEG signals, which achieved an average accuracy of 83.03% for 9 subjects. Compared with the existing methods, the classification accuracy of EEG signals was improved. With the enhanced difference features between different motor imagery EEG data, the proposed method is important for the study of improving classifier performance.

Factors affecting scoliosis among children and adolescents / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the prevalence of scoliosis and identify the influencing factors among children and adolescents in Jiaxing City, Zhejiang Province, so as to provide insights into the management of scoliosis among children and adolescents. @*Methods@#The fourth, fifth and sixth grade primary school students and the first, second and third grade junior high school students were selected using the stratified cluster sampling method in Jiaxing City in 2019. Students' demographic features, diet habits, physical activity and learning environments and habits were collected using questionnaire surveys. Scoliosis was screened using whole-spine X-ray scans in an upright position, and the factors affecting scoliosis were identified using multivariable logistic regression analysis.@*Results@#Valid surveys were completed among 2 568 students, including 1 352 boys ( 52.65% ) and 1 216 girls ( 47.35% ), and there were 1 335 primary school students ( 51.99% ) and 1 233 junior high school students ( 48.01% ). A total of 93 students were detected with scoliosis, with a prevalence rate of 3.62%. Multivariable logistic regression analysis identified age ( OR=0.826, 95%CI: 0.710-0.960 ), gender ( OR=2.079, 95%CI: 1.343-3.221 ) and vigorous physical activity in the past 7 days ( OR=2.514, 95%CI: 1.248-5.063 ) as factors affecting scoliosis among primary and junior high school students.@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of scoliosis is high among primary and junior high school students in Jiaxing City. Age, gender and physical activity may affect the risk of scoliosis. Scoliosis screening is recommended to be included in routine healthy

Assessment of committed effective dose from ingestion of 137Cs in seafood from coastal areas of Zhejiang province / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective@#To investigate the contents of radionuclide 137Cs in seafood from coastal areas of Zhejiang province, and to estimate the annual committed effective dose to population in different regions from ingestion of 137Cs in seafood.@*Methods@#Three representative monitoring areas were set on the coastaline of Zhejiang province, and the locally popular seafoods were selected as monitoring objectives. The contents of radionuclide 137Cs were detected using HPGe γ spectrometry. The committed effective doses were estimated based on monitoring results and consumption data on seafoods in Zhejiang.@*Results@#The detection ratio of 137Cs in seafood produced on coastal areas of Zhejiang province was estimated to be 35.3% (36/102). Specific activity detected ranged from 0.004 to 0.140 Bq/(kg, Wet). Committed effective doses from ingestion of 137Cs in one year to the population in island region, coastal region and inland region were 3.03×10-5, 1.63×10-5, 3.38×10-6 mSv, respectively, far lower than the world committed effective dose resulting from internal exposure.@*Conclusions@#At present, the content level of 137Cs in seafood produced on the coastal areas of Zhejiang province is much lower than the national standard limit, and the dose burden to the population is very minor with no health impact to the population.

Assessment of committed effective dose from ingestion of 137 Cs in seafood from coastal areas of Zhejiang province / 中华放射医学与防护杂志

Objective To investigate the contents of radionuclide 137 Cs in seafood from coastal areas of Zhejiang province, and to estimate the annual committed effective dose to population in different regions from ingestion of 137 Cs in seafood. Methods Three representative monitoring areas were set on the coastaline of Zhejiang province, and the locally popular seafoods were selected as monitoring objectives. The contents of radionuclide 137 Cs were detected using HPGeγspectrometry. The committed effective doses were estimated based on monitoring results and consumption data on seafoods in Zhejiang. Results The detection ratio of 137 Cs in seafood produced on coastal areas of Zhejiang province was estimated to be 35.3％ ( 36/102 ) . Specific activity detected ranged from 0. 004 to 0. 140 Bq/( kg, Wet ) . Committed effective doses from ingestion of 137 Cs in one year to the population in island region, coastal region and inland region were 3. 03 × 10-5 , 1. 63 × 10-5 , 3. 38 × 10-6 mSv, respectively, far lower than the world committed effective dose resulting from internal exposure. Conclusions At present, the content level of 137 Cs in seafood produced on the coastal areas of Zhejiang province is much lower than the national standard limit, and the dose burden to the population is very minor with no health impact to the population.

Research progress in screening and intervention of scoliosis among children and adolescents / 预防医学

@#Scoliosis seriously affects the physical and mental health of children and adolescents. Without timely screening and intervention,it will lead to increased deformity,decreased labor capacity,cardiopulmonary complications,back pain and even paraplegia. This article reviews screening and intervention strategies for scoliosis at home and abroad. It concludes that there is lack of scoliosis screening in children and adolescents in China,and the screening results are difficult to compare horizontally because of the significant differences between strategies. It is suggested that scoliosis screening should be included in school healthcare work and formulate strategies with higher accuracy and safety. At the same time,three-dimension technology has good prospects in scoliosis screening and intervention,which is worthy of further development.

Association between dietary selenium intake and hypertension in Zhejiang residents / 预防医学

Objective@#To investigate the association between dietary selenium intake and hypertension among Zhejiang residents .@*Methods@#By multistage stratified random sampling method,four urban sites and two rural sites out of Zhejiang Province,four communities or villages out of each site,then 20 households out of each community or village were selected,and all the family members of the selected households were recruited as participants. The questionnaire of Chinese Health and Nutrition Survey was used to collect information about socio-demographic characteristics and dietary selenium intake. The blood pressure,blood lipid and other data were collected via physical examination. A multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze the relationship between dietary selenium intake and hypertension .@*Results@#A total of 1 222 participants with complete dietary selenium intake data were included for analysis. The number（%）of participants with selenium intake higher than the level of estimated average requirement（EAR）,between the levels of EAR and recommanded nutrient intake （RNI）,between the levels of RNI and upper intake（UI）and higher than the level of UI were 729 （59.66%）,151（12.36%）,341（27.91%）and 1（0.01%）,respectively. There were 283 （30.53%）patients with hypertension out of 927 participants examined. The mean amount of selenium intake in patients with hypertention was（43.06±20.96）μg/d,which was significantly lower than（51.56±30.06） μg/d in non-hypertention participants（P<0.05）. After adjusting for age,body mass index,total cholesterol,triglyceride and diabetes mellitus in the multivariate logistic regression model,dietary selenium intake significantly reduced the risk of hypertension（OR=0.985,95%CI：0.978-0.993） .@*Conclusion@#About 60% of residents in Zhejiang Province had lower dietary selenium intake than estimated average requirement. Higher selenium intake was associated with lower risk of hypertension.

Association between dietary microelement intake and metabolic syndrome among elderly males and females in Zhejiang province / 中华健康管理学杂志

Objective To explore the relationship between microelement intake and metabolic syndrome (MS) in elderly males and females in Zhejiang province. Methods Non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare the intake of microelements by sex among different groups according to the diagnostic criteria of MS in 780 people(404 male,376 female).Logistic regression was used to explore the association between microelements and MS and its components.Results The percentages of inadequate intake of Mn,Zn and Se were relatively high among elderly people of Zhejiang province(males:30.45%,72.52%,75.74%;females:47.34%,33.78%,80.59%,respectively).Microelement intake in males were higher than females(P<0.05).The intake of Fe and Se were higher in the abdominal obesity group than the non-abdominal obesity group among elderly males,the intakes of Fe,Zn,Se in hypertension group were lower, and Se intake was higher in hyperglycemia and hypertriglyceridemia groups. Furthermore, enough intake of Fe(odds ratio OR,0.41;95% confidence interval CI:0.19,0.87)and Se(OR,0.30;95% CI:0.14, 0.63)decreased the risk of hypertension,and high Cu(OR,2.35;95% CI:1.18,4.71)intake increased the risk of hyperglycemia.Among females,Zn intake in the MS group was lower than in the non-MS group;the intakes of Cu, Zn and Se in the hypertension group were lower; the intakes of Fe, Mn and Zn in the hyperglycemia group were lower as well;and Se intake was lower in the low HDL-C group.Again,the high intake of Zn (OR, 3.21; 95% CI: 1.36, 7.59) and Se (OR, 2.79; 95% CI: 1.24, 6.27) increased the risk of abdominal obesity, but moderate intake of Cu (OR, 0.37; 95% CI: 0.19, 0.72) had a protective effect on hypertension. Conclusions The percentages of inadequate microelement intake were relatively high in elderly people of Zhejiang province. There is a relationship between dietary microelements and MS or its components. It is necessary to guide elderly people to adopt reasonable diet by referring to the Chinese dietary reference intake and Dietay Guidelines in order to improve the situation of microelements intake and promote health.

Mechanism of Shenci capsule combined with cisplatin in reversing DDP resistance of human lung adenocarcinoma via PI3K/AKT/mTOR signa-ling pathway / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the effect of Shenci capsule combined with cisplatin ( DDP) in reversing DDP resistance by PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in nude mice bearing A 549/DDP tumor.METHODS:The patient-de-rived lung adenocarcinoma A 549/DDP cell xenograft model was established .The tumor-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into control group , Shenci capsule group , DDP group and Shenci capsule combined with DDP group .The mice in control group was treated with normal saline , while the mice in other groups were treated with different drugs for 21 d.After treatment, the mice were killed and lung cancer tissues were collected .Flow cytometry was used to analyze the cell cycle and apoptosis.FQ-PCR was used to determined the mRNA levels of PTEN , P-glycoprotein, PI3K, AKT and mTOR in A549/DDP lung tumor .RESULTS:Compared with control group , the cell proliferation in all the drug treatment groups was inhibited .Compared with other drug treatment groups , Shenci capsule combined with DDP blocked the cell cycle of A 549/DDP cells at G2/M phase, promoted the apoptosis rate , increased the mRNA expression of PTEN and inhibited the mRNA expression of P-glycoprotein, PI3K, AKT and mTOR.CONCLUSION:Shenci capsule increases the sensitivity of A 549/DDP resistant cells in nude mice to DDP by blocking PI 3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway , increasing the expression of PTEN or inhibiting P-glycoprotein-mediated resistance pathway .

High salt intake and bone metabolism / 中国病理生理杂志

Osteoporosis has become a global public health problem, and dietary interventions may potentially be helpful in preventing this disorder.Salt ( sodium chloride) is one of the most important dietary nutrients.High sodium chloride intake may play an important role in bone metabolism.In this paper, we reviewed the effects of high sodium chlo-ride intake on bone mineral density, bone mineral content and bone biochemical markers, and analyzed the possible causes through currently available literature.Although there are a few inconsistencies results, we conclude a long-term high salt intake can reduce bone density or bone mineral content, change many biochemical markers of bone resorption, which may be caused mainly by increasing urinary calcium excretion and a low-grade metabolic acidosis.However, there are still many unclear aspects need further exploration.

Association between dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among elderly people in Zhejiang province / 中华老年医学杂志

Objective To understand the relationship between the dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome among elderly people in Zhejiang province,in order to provide scientific basis and reference for nutrition interventions.Methods Data were obtained from the 2010-2012 Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey,and factor analysis was used to obtain food patterns among elderly people in Zhejiang province.The Logistic regression was used to explore the association of the food patterns with metabolic syndrome and its components.Results The intakes of bean products,nuts,fruits,eggs,and milk in elderly people were generally low,and the intakes of livestock and poultry meat,cooking oil and salt were relatively high.5 dietary patterns were derived by factor analysis:high-quality protein diet,mediterranean diet,condiments diet,traditional dietary pattern and western dietary pattern.The medical test results in 780 elderly people showed that the standardized prevalence of metabolic syndrome in the elderly was 28.8％,standardized central obesity rate was 41.2％,standardized hypertension rate was 50.3％ and standardized hyperglycemia rate was 39.5％.Logistic regression analysis showed that different dietary patterns had different effects on the metabolic syndrome and its components.Conclusions The prevalence rate of metabolic syndrome and the abnormal rates of its components are high in the elderly in Zhejiang.The intakes of fruits and milk are generally low,and intakes of livestock and poultry meat,cooking oil and salt are relatively high.The relationship between dietary patterns and MS or its components is complicated,so it is necessary to guide the elderly people to adopt reasonable diet by referring to the Diet Pagoda in order to reduce the risk of MS or its components.

Effect of catalpol on activity of osteoblasts/osteoclasts and osteoblast ERα/βmRNA expression in osteoblast-osteoclast co-culture system / 中国病理生理杂志

[ ABSTRACT ] AIM: To investigate the effect of catalpol on the activity of osteoblasts ( OB ) and osteoclasts ( OC) , and OB estrogen receptor ( ER) α/βmRNA expression in the OB-OC co-culture system.METHODS: OB and OC were isolated from the SD rats of 1 and 5 days old.In the OB-OC co-culture system, different concentrations of catalpol including low dosage (0.05 , 0.1, 0.5 and 1 mg/L), middle dosage (2, 5 and 10 mg/L), and high dosage (20, 50 and 100 mg/L) were added into the culture medium to detect the changes of OB proliferation by MTT assay.The catalpol at maximal dosage was added to OB section to detect the alkaline phosphatase ( ALP) activity of OB by pNPP method.The mRNA expression of ERα/βin the OB treated with catalpol in the co-culture system was detected by RT-PCR.The catalpol at maximal dosage was added to OC group to detect the activity of OC by microscopy and tartrate-resistantacid phosphatase ( TRAP) activity detection.RESULTS:In 0.05~2 mg/L catalpol groups, the proliferation of OB was significantly in-creased as compared with control group in the co-culture system, and it reached the maximum value when catalpol was at 0.05 mg/L, while in 5~100 mg/L catalpol groups, the proliferation of OB was not increased.The ALP activity of OB in 0.05 mg/L catalpol group was higher than that in control group.The catalpal at 0.05 mg/L promoted the mRNA expression of ERβin OB in the co-culture system, but did not increase the mRNA expression of ERαas compared with control group. Catalpol at 0.05 mg/L obviously inhibited the bone resorption and the TRAP activity in OC.CONCLUSION: Catalpol stimulates the proliferation and activity of OB, inhibits the bone resorption and activity of OC, and increases the mRNA ex-pression of ERβin OB in the OB-OC co-culture system, suggesting that high mRNA expression of ERβmay be the regula-tory pathway of catalpol in response to bone metabolism.

A cohort study on the impacts of pre-pregnancy maternal body mass index, gestational weight gain on neonate birth status and perinatal outcomes in Fujian province / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the impacts of pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and gestational weight gain(GWG) on pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>We adopted a prospective cohort study with cluster sampling in single pregnant women, who were not with hypertension, diabetes, hyperlipidemia or other diseases in the previous history, neither did they have diseases of heart, liver, kidney, thyroid etc. related to current pregnancy. Those pregnant women who visited the prenatal nutrition clinic under 'informed consent' were surveyed with questionnaire to track their peri-natal complications, delivery mode and neonate birth outcomes etc. Pearson and partial correlations, chi-square test and binary logistic regression were used to study the association between pre-pregnancy maternal BMI, GWG and pregnancy outcomes.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>A total of 623 pregnant women were recruited in the cohort, with 592 (95%) of them eligible for analysis. Results from the Multivariate Logistic Regression analysis indicated that, after controlling the potential confounding factors, when compared to women with pre-pregnancy BMI between 18.5 and 24.0, the odds ratios (ORs) for low birth ponderal index (PI) were 2.34 [95% confidence interval (CI), 1.24-4.42)]among those with BMI<18.5, respectively, while 2.73 (1.12-6.68) for high birth PI among those with BMI > 24.0. Similarly, when compared to pregnant women with normal GWG(defined as weight gain range from P15 to P85 by stratification of pre-pregnancy BMI), low GWG (<P15) seemed to be the risk factor for preterm birth, low birth weight, gestational diabetes mellitus, with low birth PI [ORs as 4.85(1.35-17.51), 10.30 (2.29-46.35), 2.29 (1.07-4.93) and 2.65(1.24-5.68), respectively. High GWG (>P 85)appeared the risk factor for high birth weight, high birth PI, and gestational diabetes mellitus, with ORs as 3.83(1.74-8.44), 2.39(1.14-5.01)and 2.21(1.07-4.55), respectively.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Low or high pre-pregnancy maternal BMI and GWG were associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes.</p>

Wnt signaling pathway is involved in catalpol-induced proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells / 中国病理生理杂志

AIM:To investigate the changes of Wnt signaling pathway in catalpol-induced proliferation of rat bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).METHODS:The BMSCs were isolated from SD rats , purified by differ-ential time adherent method and divided into control group and catalpol (1.0 mg/L) group.Flow cytometry was used to de-tect the proliferation index of BMSCs .The mRNA levels of Wnt3a, Wnt5a, Wnt11 and β-catenin was evaluated by real-time PCR.In addition, the protein expression level of β-catenin was determined by Western blotting .RESULTS:Prolife-ration index was increased from 8.90%±0.46% to 17.93%±1.68% after treatment with catalpol (P<0.01).Com-pared with control group , the mRNA expression of Wnt5a, Wnt11 andβ-catenin was all increased with catalpol treatment . No difference of Wnt3a mRNA expression between control group and catalpol group was observed .Meanwhile, the protein expression of β-catenin was increased in catalpol group compared with control group .CONCLUSION:Catalpol promotes BMSCs going into the cell cycle .Classical and non-classical Wnt signaling pathways are activated in this process .

Purification Comparison and Influence of Ethanol Precipitation and Chitosan Flocculation Methods on Paeoniflorin Content in Shuyu Compound Granules / 中国中医药信息杂志

Objective To compare the refining effects between ethanol precipitation and chitosan flocculation methods on extracting solutions of Shuyu compound granules.Methods Orthogonal experiment was utilized to examine the influence of liquid concentration, alcohol concentration and standing time on refining of Shuyu compound granules extracting solution by ethanol precipitation method, and compare the impact of ethanol precipitation and chitosan flocculation methods on the contents of solids and paeoniflorin.Results The optimized condition of ethanol precipitation method was 0.8 g/mL solution concentration (crude drug) with 20% ethanol standing for 6 h. Both ethanol precipitation method and chitosan flocculation method reduced the extraction ratio of Shuyu compound granules decoction, but chitosan flocculation method caused a great loss of paeoniflorin.Conclusion Low concentration ethanol precipitation method can be used for the purification of Shuyu compound granules. Whether chitosan flocculation method is suitable requires further study.

Expression of Glu、mGluR 5 and EAAT 1 in bone tissues of ovariectomized osteoporotic rats and the effects of Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae on it / 中国生化药物杂志

Objective To observe the expression of Glu、mGluR 5 and EAAT 1 in bone tissues of ovariectomized osteoporotic rats and the effects of Total Flavonoids of Rhizoma Drynariae (TFRD) on it. Methods 45 SPF 3-month-old Sprague-Dawley (SD) female rats were randomly divided into sham operation (Sham, n=15) group and ovariectomized (OVX, n=30) group. The osteoporotic(OP) model was established by bilateral ovariectomy, 14 weeks later, we measured bone mineral density(BMD) by dual-energy X-ray and determined that OP model was successfully replicated, OVX group rats were then divided into OVX group (n=15) and OVX+TFRD group (n=15). The OVX+TFRD group was given TFRD for 12 weeks. Glutamate (Glu), metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR 5), and Glutamate/Aspartate Transporter (GLAST/EAAT 1)’s expression of femur was examined in order to clarify the characteristics of bone glutamate signaling pathway and the effects of TFRD on it. Results Glu and ionotropic receptors mGluR 5 mainly distributed in bone marrow cells and osteoblasts closed to the bone marrow cavity walls. There were no significant differences in Glu expression among Sham group, OVX group and OVX+TFRD group. The mGluR 5 expression of OVX+TFRD group was significantly higher than that of Sham group and OVX group(P=0.009), while no significant difference was found between the latter two groups. In addition to large distribution in bone marrow cells, small amount of transporter EAAT 1 was noted to express in bone cells of the bone lacunae. There were no significant differences in EAAT 1 expression among the three groups. Conclusion In bone glutamate signaling pathway, this study demonstrated that TFRD could significantly improve the ionotropic receptor mGluR 5’s expression, but had no inlfuence for Glu and EAAT 1.

The effect of S100A4 siRNA on the inflammation and expression of TNF-α,IL-1β in adjuvant arthritis rats / 重庆医学

Objective To observe the effects of S100A4 siRNA on the expression of serum TNF‐α,IL‐1βand VEGF in adjuvant arthritis rats .Methods Adjuvant arthritis rat models were established and were randomly divided into model group and interfere group .On Day 11 ,rats in interfere group were injected with S100A4 siRNA fragment in articular cavity .Arthritis index (AI) chan‐ges and pathological changes of ankle joint were observed .The levels of serum TNF‐α and IL‐1β ,VEGF were detected by ELISA . Results Compared with that of model group ,the levels of serum TNF‐ α ,IL‐1β and VEGF were reduced significantly in interfere group (P< 0 .05) ;variances of AI and pathological scores in interfere group were diminished significantly (P< 0 .05) .Conclusion Inhibition of the expression of S100A4 gene can significantly reduce the expression of inflammatory factor TNF‐α ,IL‐1 β and angio‐genesis factor VEGF ,and improve the pathological injury of synovial membrane .

A comparison of applicative effect with different diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome among the urban adult population / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the applicative effect of four diagnostic criteria of metabolic syndrome (MS) among the urban adult population of Zhejiang Province.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to multi-stage stratified and proportional to size, cluster, random sampling principle, 3 417 adults population at urban areas were extracted by random number method from 320 families of Shangcheng and Jianggan community in Hangzhou,Jiangdong community in Ningbo and Wucheng community in Jinhua in 2009 and 2010 respectively, which excluded pregnant, wet nurse, children, and those who were at least 18 years of age. Height, weight, waist, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose (FBG) , 2-hour postprandial blood glucose (2h-PBG), TG and HDL-C of all the subjects were measured by standard method. MS was diagnosed and compared according to four diagnostic criteria:Chinese Medical Association Diabetic Society (CDS), Joint Committee for Developing Chinese Guidelines (JCDCG), American National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment PaneI II in 2005 (ATPIII) and International Diabetes Federation (IDF), respectively.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The high prevalence of MS diagnosed by the criteria of ATPIII was 21.6% (737/3 417) , while the lowest prevalence diagnosed by CDS was 9.8% (335/3 417), the result of consistency check demonstrated the MS diagnostic criteria of ATPIII and IDF, ATPIII and JCDCG were in strong and the same accordance with the concordance rate, Kappa value was 0.75, while the consistency of the criteria of ATP III and CDS were in relatively weak agreement, Kappa value was 0.53; the detection result of MS abnormal components showed the highest proportion of having ≥ 3 risk factors was presented by ATPIII among subjects diagnosed as MS (100.0%) , meanwhile, the lowest proportion of having ≥ 3 risk factors was also found by ATPIII among those MS-free (0.8%) .</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>The criteria of ATPIII may have more sensitivity when screening MS and its abnormal components.However, it's limited to extrapolate the results from the cross-sectional survey to the total population.</p>